See onerous on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*h₃en(H)-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃en(H)-"
],
[
"*-os",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_athematic"
],
[
"*h₃én(H)os",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃én(H)os#Proto-Indo-European:_burden"
],
[
"*onos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/onos#Proto-Italic:_burden"
],
[
"onus",
"onus#Latin"
],
[
"*h₃ed-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃ed-#Proto-Indo-European:_smell"
],
[
"*-os",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_athematic"
],
[
"-ōssus",
"-ossus#Latin"
],
[
"-ōsus",
"-osus#Latin"
],
[
"onerosus",
"onerosus#Latin"
],
[
"onereus",
"onereus#Old_French"
],
[
"onereux",
"onereux#Middle_French"
],
[
"onerous",
"onerous#Middle_English"
],
[
"onerous",
"onerous#Middle_English"
],
[
"onereux",
"onereux#Middle_French"
],
[
"onereus",
"onereus#Old_French"
],
[
"onerosus",
"onerosus#Latin"
],
[
"onus",
"onus#Latin"
],
[
"-ōsus",
"-osus#Latin"
],
[
"exonerate",
"exonerate"
]
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:onerous",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₃en(H)-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₃én(H)os\nProto-Italic *onos\nLatin onus\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ed-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₃édosder.?\nProto-Italic *-ŏ̄dsos?\nOld Latin -ōssus\nLatin -ōsus\nLatin onerosuslbor.\nOld French onereus\nMiddle French onereuxbor.\nMiddle English onerous\nEnglish onerous\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"burden\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"burden\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"burden\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₃en(H)-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₃én(H)os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*onos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"onus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ŏ̄dsos\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₃édos\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"smell\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₃ed-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ōssus\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ōsus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"onerosus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"onereus\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"onereux\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"onerous\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"onerous\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"onerous\">\nInherited from Middle English onerous, borrowed from Middle French onereux, from Old French onereus, a learned borrowing from Latin onerosus, from onus (“burden”) + -ōsus.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₃en(H)-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₃én(H)os\nProto-Italic *onos\nLatin onus\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ed-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₃édosder.?\nProto-Italic *-ŏ̄dsos?\nOld Latin -ōssus\nLatin -ōsus\nLatin onerosuslbor.\nOld French onereus\nMiddle French onereuxbor.\nMiddle English onerous\nEnglish onerous\nInherited from Middle English onerous, borrowed from Middle French onereux, from Old French onereus, a learned borrowing from Latin onerosus, from onus (“burden”) + -ōsus. Compare exonerate.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more onerous",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most onerous",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
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"expansion": "onerous (comparative more onerous, superlative most onerous)",
"name": "en-adj"
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
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"derived": [
{
"word": "nononerous"
},
{
"word": "onerosity"
},
{
"word": "onerously"
},
{
"word": "onerousness"
},
{
"word": "unonerous"
}
],
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"bold_text_offsets": [
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31,
38
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"ref": "1820, Washington Irving, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow:",
"text": "That all this might not be too onerous on the purses of his rustic patrons, who are apt to consider the costs of schooling a grievous burden, and schoolmasters as mere drones, he had various ways of rendering himself both useful and agreeable.",
"type": "quotation"
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"ref": "1849, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], “Further Communications on Business”, in Shirley. A Tale. […], volume II, London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], →OCLC, page 45:",
"text": "Again, and more intensely than ever, she desired a fixed occupation,—no matter how onerous, how irksome.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
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19,
26
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"ref": "1910, Jack London, “The Golden Poppy”, in Revolution and Other Essays:",
"text": "[I]t has become an onerous duty, a wearisome and distasteful task.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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22,
29
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],
"ref": "1945 January and February, A Former Pupil, “Some Memories of Crewe Works—III”, in Railway Magazine, page 13:",
"text": "The striker's job was onerous, too, because there was so little \"give\" in the metal, and the perpetual jarring was indeed trying to the muscles.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
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"ref": "2019, Li Huang, James Lambert, “Another Arrow for the Quiver: A New Methodology for Multilingual Researchers”, in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, →DOI, page 11:",
"text": "However, given current sensibilities about individual privacy and data protection, the recording of oral data is becoming increasingly onerous for researchers[.]",
"type": "quotation"
},
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117,
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"ref": "2024 June, “A novel system for non-invasive measurement of blood levels of glucose”, in Nature Reviews Endocrinology, volume 20, →DOI, page 320:",
"text": "People with diabetes mellitus rely predominantly on finger pricking to measure blood levels of glucose, which can be onerous.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Imposing or constituting a physical, mental, or figurative load which can be borne only with effort; burdensome."
],
"id": "en-onerous-en-adj-~-v4IbEu",
"links": [
[
"Imposing",
"impose"
],
[
"constituting",
"constitute"
],
[
"load",
"load"
],
[
"borne",
"borne"
],
[
"effort",
"effort"
],
[
"burdensome",
"burdensome"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "burdensome"
},
{
"word": "demanding"
},
{
"word": "difficult"
},
{
"word": "taxing"
},
{
"word": "wearing"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "obremenitelen",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "обременителен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "zatrudnjavašt",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "затрудняващ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "onerós"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "těžký"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "tíživý"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "obtížný"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "veeleisend"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "moeilijk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "lastig"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "työläs"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "raskas"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "onéreux"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "pénible"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "lourd"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "beschwerlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "drückend"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "lästig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "mühsam"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "bojhil",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "बोझिल"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "oneroso"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "ostico"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "onerōsus"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "taimaha"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "taumaha"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "toimaha"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "tyngende"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "uciążliwy"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "oneroso"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "obremenitelʹnyj",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "обременительный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "tjagostnyj",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "тягостный"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "tegoban"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "zamoran"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "oneroso"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "jobbig"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "ağır"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "eziyetli"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "güç"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "külfetli"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "sıkıntılı"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "zahmetli"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "obtjážlyvyj",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "обтя́жливий"
}
]
}
],
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"tags": [
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]
},
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},
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑnəɹəs/",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈoʊnəɹəs/",
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}
],
"word": "onerous"
}
{
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"lang_code": "en",
"word": "onerous"
}
],
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"onereux",
"onereux#Middle_French"
],
[
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"onereus#Old_French"
],
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}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French onereux, from Old French onereus, from Latin onerosus.",
"forms": [
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"tags": [
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},
{
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"name": "head"
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{
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"lang_code": "enm",
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],
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"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Māori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
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"ref": "1820, Washington Irving, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow:",
"text": "That all this might not be too onerous on the purses of his rustic patrons, who are apt to consider the costs of schooling a grievous burden, and schoolmasters as mere drones, he had various ways of rendering himself both useful and agreeable.",
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"ref": "1849, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], “Further Communications on Business”, in Shirley. A Tale. […], volume II, London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], →OCLC, page 45:",
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"ref": "2019, Li Huang, James Lambert, “Another Arrow for the Quiver: A New Methodology for Multilingual Researchers”, in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, →DOI, page 11:",
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{
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"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "obremenitelen",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "обременителен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "zatrudnjavašt",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "затрудняващ"
},
{
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"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "onerós"
},
{
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"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "těžký"
},
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"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "tíživý"
},
{
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"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "obtížný"
},
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"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "veeleisend"
},
{
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"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "moeilijk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "lastig"
},
{
"code": "fi",
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"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "työläs"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "raskas"
},
{
"code": "fr",
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"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "onéreux"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "pénible"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "lourd"
},
{
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"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "beschwerlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "drückend"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "lästig"
},
{
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"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "mühsam"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "bojhil",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "बोझिल"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "oneroso"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "ostico"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "onerōsus"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "taimaha"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "taumaha"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "toimaha"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "tyngende"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "uciążliwy"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "oneroso"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "obremenitelʹnyj",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "обременительный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "tjagostnyj",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "тягостный"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "tegoban"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "zamoran"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "oneroso"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "jobbig"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "ağır"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "eziyetli"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "güç"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "külfetli"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "sıkıntılı"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "zahmetli"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "obtjážlyvyj",
"sense": "burdensome",
"word": "обтя́жливий"
}
],
"word": "onerous"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "onerous"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"onereux",
"onereux#Middle_French"
],
[
"onereus",
"onereus#Old_French"
],
[
"onerosus",
"onerosus#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "frm:onereux<ety:inh<fro:onereus<ety:lbor<la:onerosus>>>>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"burden\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"burden\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"burden\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₃en(H)-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₃én(H)os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*onos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"onus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ŏ̄dsos\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₃édos\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"smell\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₃ed-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ōssus\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ōsus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"onerosus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"onereus\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"onereux\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"onerous\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"onerous\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "frm",
"3": "onereux"
},
"expansion": "Middle French onereux",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "onereus"
},
"expansion": "Old French onereus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "onerosus"
},
"expansion": "Latin onerosus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French onereux, from Old French onereus, from Latin onerosus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "honerous",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "onerose",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "onerouse",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"10": "{{{3}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{sup2}}}",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{comp2}}}",
"9": "",
"f3l": "",
"f5l": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "onerous",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "onerous",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Late Middle English",
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries with etymon",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Middle French",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Middle French",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Old Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃ed- (smell)",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃en(H)-",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks"
],
"glosses": [
"onerous"
],
"links": [
[
"onerous",
"onerous#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Late Middle English) onerous"
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔnɛˈruːs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɔˈnɛrus/"
}
],
"word": "onerous"
}
Download raw JSONL data for onerous meaning in All languages combined (20.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.